N and P co-doped nano carbon-based frame material modified electrode and preparation method and application thereof

According to the invention, a method comprises the steps: taking 2-methylimidazole as a ligand, taking cobalt nitrate as a metal center, and acquiring a cobalt-based organic framework material througha self-assembly method; carbonizing the organic framework as a precursor to obtain a cobalt particle loaded N-doped nanocarbon intermediate product, carrying out acid pickling treatment on the intermediate product to obtain an N-doped nanocarbon material, fully stirring the N-doped nanocarbon material and a phytic acid solution, and carrying out secondary calcining treatment on the phytic acid adsorbed N-doped nanocarbon material to prepare the N and P co-doped nano carbon-based framework material. Heteroatoms with different sizes and electronegativity are introduced to induce charge redistribution of carbon atoms in a carbon skeleton, so an electronic structure of carbon is changed to generate catalytic activity, and an organic framework is used as a precursor, so that the prepared material has a large specific