Low data volume coherent signal DOA estimation method and device, equipment and medium

The invention discloses a low-data-volume coherent signal DOA estimation method, device and equipment and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: a radar signal is transmitted, an echo signal reflected by a target object is received, then single-frequency time-varying threshold one-bit quantitative sampling is carried out on the echo signal to obtain a quantized and sampled echo signal, and the direction of arrival of the echo signal is determined based on a forward and backward spatial smoothing algorithm and the quantized and sampled echo signal. Through single-frequency time-varying threshold one-bit quantitative sampling, the data volume in the processes of echo data acquisition, storage, transmission, processing and the like of the radar is reduced, the system cost is saved, a forward and backward spatial smoothing algorithm is adopted, the rank of the covariance of the coherent signals is recovered to the number of the target objects, decorrelation isachieved, and the DOA es