Smoke dust and flue gas sampling and detecting equipment with overvoltage protection function and overvoltage protection method

The invention discloses smoke dust and flue gas sampling and detecting equipment with an overvoltage protection function and an overvoltage protection method. The equipment can be used for detecting humidity information of smoke discharged by a stationary pollution source through a humidity sensor, and comprises a sampling pipe, a reverse fan, a wind speed sensor and a control circuit board; the wind speed sensor is arranged at the front end of the sampling pipe; the wind speed sensor is used for detecting wind speed value information in the stationary pollution source and transmitting the wind speed value information to the control circuit board for analysis and processing; if the wind speed value in the stationary pollution source is larger than a preset value, the control circuit boardsends a starting signal to the reverse fan, the reverse fan is started and outputs reverse airflow in the reverse sampling direction in the sampling pipe, and the reverse airflow is used for reducingthe wind pressure value bo