Catenary error detection method and error detection vehicle

The invention relates to a catenary error detection method and an error detection vehicle. The catenary error detection vehicle at least comprises a detection vehicle body, a data processing device and an ultrasonic sensor. The method comprises the steps: the ultrasonic sensor obtains position coordinates of the detection vehicle body relative to a steel rail in the operation process of the catenary error detection vehicle based on a sensor coordinate system and sends the collected position coordinates to the data processing device; and the data processing device is used for processing the position coordinates based on a static reference surface coordinate system to obtain error deviation of the position coordinates relative to the static reference surface coordinate system so as to compensate each catenary detection parameter acquired by the catenary error detection vehicle according to the error deviation. By adopting the method, error compensation of each detection parameter of thecatenary can be realized.