Multi-parameter optical fiber sensing detection method and system of leading-down optical cable

The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing detection method and system for a leading-down optical cable. The method comprises the steps that a detection system sends a detection signal to a target fiber core in a to-be-detected leading-down optical cable; a distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged along the line of the leading-down optical cable to be measured, and an optical fiber Bragg grating sensor and a Fabry-Perot grating sensor are arranged in the cable trench respectively and are welded to a target fiber core through optical fiber couplers respectively; the detection system receives a spectral signal reflected from the target fiber core, and determines comprehensive parameters of the to-be-detected leading-down optical cable according to the spectral signal. According to the multi-parameter optical fiber sensing detection method and system for the leading-down optical cable, multiple parameters of the leading-down optical cable are detected in a mode of combin