Test device and method for simulating foundation pit passive area reinforcement

The invention discloses a test device and method for simulating foundation pit passive area reinforcement. The test device comprises a test box, a supporting component, a reinforcing component and a test unit, wherein the test box can simulate a soil body structure; the supporting component can apply or remove prestress to a soil body; the reinforcing component can achieve foundation pit passive area soil body reinforcement; and the test unit is arranged on the surface of backfill soil, the surface of a retaining wall and the supporting component and used for monitoring surface settlement, lateral displacement of the retaining wall, the soil pressure change situation of the two sides of the retaining wall in the excavation process and stress strain of the retaining wall and the supportingcomponent. The soil body excavation and bracing process after foundation pit passive area reinforcement can be simulated, the supporting effect of an inner support and the passive area reinforcement efficiency can be well sim