Position coding-based displacement detection system and detection method

The invention relates to a position coding-based displacement detection system and detection method. The position coding-based displacement detection system comprises a workbench, an optical imaging system, a planar array CCD sensor, an image acquisition card, a PC and a power module, wherein a position coding scale is fixed on the workbench. Two coded images of a start position and a stop position of the position coding scale on the workbench in the movement direction are collected by using the planar array CCD sensor; and image processing, such as correction, filtering and edge extraction, and decoding and positioning calculation are carried out on the coded images to obtain displacement of the workbench. Non-contact displacement measurement is carried out through the imaging system andthe CCD sensor, so that the position coding-based displacement detection system is simple in structure, easy to miniaturize, simple in coding, high in anti-jamming capability and easy to process and install; and different cod