Dynamic model experiment device and pneumatic acceleration and deceleration method for trailer

The embodiment of the invention discloses a dynamic model experiment device, which comprises a trailer acceleration tube, a trailer deceleration tube, leak holes, an air inlet, a cable through hole, an injection channel, a drive piston acceleration tube, a drive piston deceleration tube and a trailer mechanism, wherein a trailer power output slit is formed in the trailer acceleration tube. A pneumatic acceleration and deceleration method for a trailer comprises the steps as follows: movement of a drive piston in a pipe is accelerated by using suddenly released compressed air; the drive pistontransfers the tractive force to a piston trailer in the trailer acceleration tube through a traction cable; a drive experiment model connected with the piston trailer through a flexible coupling carries out accelerated movement on the trailer power output slit; after the acceleration process of the trailer is completed, the piston trailer is automatically decoupled and separated from the experiment model and the flexible