Quantum key distribution network device and method of master-slave structure

The invention discloses a quantum key distribution network device and method of a master-slave structure. A master optical path of the quantum key distribution network device is composed of a single photon source, a polarization controller PC, an optical circulator, a coupler/beam splitter, a four-port optical polarization beam splitter/combiner, an optical switch and a quantum channel. A master control party and a slave control party of the network are connected through a quantum channel formed by an optical switch and an optical fiber, and an optical circulator reflection output end of the master control party and an output end of a coupler/beam splitter are respectively connected with a single-photon detector; one output light port of the coupler/beam splitter is connected with one phase controller to form an information loading part; two output ports of the coupler/beam splitter are respectively connected with two input ports of the optical switch to form a network control part; and the slave control part