Monitoring system and monitoring method for three-dimensional attitude and running track of coal mining machine

The invention relates to a monitoring system and a monitoring method for three-dimensional attitudes and running tracks of a coal mining machine. The monitoring system comprises a laser signal generating device, a cable type sensor and a laser signal receiving and processing device, and the laser signal generating device, the cable type sensor and the laser signal receiving and processing device are connected in sequence, wherein the cable type sensor is laid and fixed on a track along the linear extension direction of the coal mining machine track in a natural state and comprises at least twogroups of spiral distributed optical fiber sensors; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: acquiring strain information of any position on a track in real time through the cable type sensor; calculating the three-dimensional attitude of the cable type sensor by using the laser signal receiving and processing device; performing coordinate transformation to obtain the three-dimensional attitude of the coal mi