Niobium-based catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a niobium-based catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: preparing a niobium oxide nano material: preparing the niobium oxide nano material from a niobium salt, a tungsten salt and a molybdenum salt; S2: adding a platinum salt solution to prepare the niobium-based catalyst. In the preparation method of the present invention, the obtained niobium oxide-based nano material is used as a catalytic carrier, and Pt is supported on the surface of the niobium oxide material. The niobium oxide nano material obtained by the preparation method of the invention has a controllable particle size, the microstructure is a rod shape, a linear shape or a sheet shape, and the surface groups and the Nb ion distribution of the catalyst are different from those of common niobium oxide, so the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst are different from those of common niobium oxide, and the catalyticactivity of the catalyst