Quick teaching system and teaching method of industrial robot

The invention discloses a quick teaching system and a teaching method of an industrial robot. The teaching method comprises the steps of calculating a position changeover relation between the tail endof an operation tool and a contact according to a position relation between the tail end of the operation tool and the contact, converting into a transformation matrix, enabling the contact to contact a calibration plate through dragging a mechanical arm, acquiring a position matrix of multiple points on the calibration plate, converting into a position matrix at the tail end of the tool, calculating a pose relation matrix of a coordinate system B fixed to the calibration plate relative to a current coordinate system A of the industrial robot according to the position matrix, finally calculating a pose matrix of required teaching points under the coordinate system B according to a position relation between the calibration plate and an actual workpiece and three-dimensional (3D) model dataof an actual workpiece, t