Photochromic material with short response time and wide response range and preparation method thereof

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic-inorganic hybrid material synthesis, and particularly relates to a photochromic material with short response time and wide response range and apreparation method thereof. Through the assembly study on electron-lack polypyridine units, rich-electron organic phosphonic acid and zinc sources, a hybrid photochromic material with excellent performance is prepared; the photochromic material is of a 3D layered columnar structure, wherein organic phosphonic acid is connected with Zn to form a 3D layer; TPT is used as a column; the [-ED-EA-ED-EA-] arrangement mode is favorable for the realization of photochromic performance; in addition, the compound has wide light response range, color change capable of being seen by naked eyes, ultrashort response time in a specific wavelength range, and long-life charge separation state during the illumination. The preparation process is simple; the principle is scientific; the raw materials can be easily obtained; the co