Highly selective synthesis method of fatty acid monoglyceride

The invention discloses a highly selective synthesis method of a fatty acid monoglyceride, and belongs to the technical field of surfactant and preservative synthesis. The method comprises: esterifying a fatty acid and glycerol under the action of a catalyst to obtain the fatty acid monoglyceride, wherein the temperature of the esterification reaction is 90 to 140 DEG C, the molar ratio of the glycerol to the fatty acid is (1.5-4.0):1, and the catalyst is an oxide of zinc or an inorganic salt of zinc. According to the invention, a high-efficiency selective catalyst is adopted to catalyze the esterification reaction of the fatty acid and the glycerol to prepare fatty acid glyceride; the method is low in required temperature, short in reaction time, and convenient to post-treat, the pure product content is 99% or more than 99%, and the total yield is 80% or more than 80%; the method is simple in operation and very suitable for industrial production; and the glycerol can be reused, no waste liquid is generated,