Method and system for establishing depth domain layer Q model based on reflection seismic data

The invention provides a method and system for establishing a depth domain layer Q model based on reflection seismic data. The method is characterized by determining a first profile set and a second profile according to pre-stack seismic data of a target work area and a stratum equivalent Q value sequence; based on the first profile set and the second profile, determining a compliance stratum equivalent Q value of a target line at a target CDP in different time windows, and determining an equivalent Q value of all time sampling at the target CDP based on the compliance stratum equivalent Q value; obtaining a layer Q value of a time domain at the target CDP based on the equivalent Q value of all time sampling at the target CDP; determining an initial depth domain layer Q model of the targetwork area based on the layer Q value and depth domain interval velocity; according to a preset percentage sequence and the initial depth domain layer Q model, determining a viscoelasticity pre-stackdepth migration profile se