Rapid uncovering and covering device and tank container

The invention relates to a rapid uncovering and covering device and a tank container. The rapid uncovering and covering device comprises a rotation rod rotationally fixed to one side of a tank body, atransverse rod, a stud and a plurality of tank cover edge locking mechanisms. One end of the transverse rod is fixed to the upper end of the rotation rod, and the other end of the transverse rod is in threaded connection with the stud. The lower end of the stud is fixed to the upper surface of a tank cover, and the upper end of the stud stretches out of a threaded hole in the other end of the transverse rod. Each tank cover edge locking mechanism comprises a locking rod and a tight screwing sleeve, wherein one end of the locking rod is rotationally fixed to the tank cover, and the other end of the locking rod and the tight screwing sleeve are in threaded connection. A tank cover and tank body integrated structure is adopted, and the problems that after uncovering, no place is achieved forplacement of a cover, and