Hydrophobic porous material with nano-cavity structure as well as preparation method and application thereof to adsorption and separation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

The invention discloses a hydrophobic porous material with a nano-cavity structure as well as a preparation method and application thereof to adsorption and separation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and belongs to the field of a functional material chemical technology. A series of organic skeleton hydrophobic porous materials with nano-cavity structures of different sizes is prepared by adopting a synthetic method of hard template coating and chemical etching, taking nano silicon dioxide as a hard template, coating the surface of the nano silicon dioxide with 1,3,5-phenylacetylene and 1,4-diiodobenzene through Sonogashira coupled reaction and then removing the hard template with hydrofluoric acid etching. The hydrophobic porous material disclosed by the invention is adjustable in cavity size and larger in specific surface area and hole volume, has hydrophobic and lipophilic properties, can efficiently and selectively absorb the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at a room temperature, is easy to separate and simple to opera