Dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran derivatives as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention particularly relates to dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran derivatives as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method of the dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran derivatives comprises the following steps: (1) 2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-one 1 as a starting material is subjected to an addition-elimination reaction with malononitrile, and an intermediate 2 is obtained; (2) the intermediate 2 is subjected to an addition-elimination reaction with indolal with different alkyl chains, and the dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran derivatives are obtained. Indole structural units with different alkyl groups and dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran structural units are introduced into the field of organic solid luminescent materials, novel piezoluminescence color change materials are developed, and the derivatives play an important role in the field of photoelectricity. The provided method adopts a simple synthesis process, purification is easy, and the synthesized piezoluminescence materials are quite applicable