Geotechnical centrifuge model testing equipment and excavation simulation method

The invention belongs to the field of centrifugal model tests, and particularly relates to geotechnical centrifuge model testing equipment and an excavation simulation method. The geotechnical centrifuge model testing equipment comprises a model box. A water storage tank is arranged at the inner bottom of the model box. A foundation pit cavity and an earth filling cavity filled with an earth material are formed in the upper middle portion of the model box and located on the water storage tank, and the foundation pit cavity and the earth filling cavity are divided by a vertically-arranged underground diaphragm wallboard. A water level tank which is connected with the water storage tank through a first guide pipe and used for controlling the water level of the earth filling cavity to go up and down is arranged in the earth filling cavity. The water level tank and the earth filling cavity communicate with each other through densely-distributed water seepage holes. The foundation pit cavity is connected with the