Intelligent bolt capable of achieving simultaneous self-monitoring of axial force and shearing force, and method

The invention discloses an intelligent bolt capable of achieving the simultaneous self-monitoring of an axial force and a shearing force, and a method, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The intelligent bolt comprises a bolt rod shaft, through holes, and miniature FBG sensors. The center of the section of the bolt rod shaft and a position forming a 120-degree angle with the radial direction of the section of the bolt rod shaft are provided with four through holes, wherein the diameter of the through holes is 2mm, and the distances from three through holes, each two of which form a 120-degree angle, to the through hole at the center of the section of the bolt rod shaft are equal, and are the half of the radius of the section of the bolt rod shaft. The miniature FBG sensors are firmly combined with the bolt in the four through holes through an adhesive. The shearing force and axial force, which are withstood by the bolt, can be determined through a measured stress value. The beneficial