Laser gyroscope annular resonant cavity light path alignment device and method

The invention belongs to laser technology, and relates to a laser gyroscope annular resonant cavity light path alignment device and method. The laser gyroscope annular resonant cavity light path alignment device comprises a laser device, a light path adjusting component, polarizers, a half transparent and half reflecting mirror, high-reflectivity mirrors, plane mirrors, spherical mirrors, cavity adjusting tools and photoelectric receivers, wherein light output by the laser device enters the polarizers and the half transparent and half reflecting mirror after being adjusted through a light beam adjusting mechanism, then one path of light is directly injected into an annular resonant cavity in the horizontal direction, and the other path of light is reflected by the high-reflectivity mirrors and then is injected into the resonant cavity in the vertical direction. The photoelectric receivers are connected with the resonant cavity through the polarizers and used for detecting output light in the horizontal and ve