A chromium-free water based coating for treating a galvannealed or galvanized steel surface
A chromium free water based coating is developed for treating Galvannealed or galvanized steel surface. The coating is based upon hybrid condensation product of water soluble sol-gel solution prepared from solution containing one or more organofunctional silanes. The said silane solution is hydrolis...
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Zusammenfassung: | A chromium free water based coating is developed for treating Galvannealed or galvanized steel surface. The coating is based upon hybrid condensation product of water soluble sol-gel solution prepared from solution containing one or more organofunctional silanes. The said silane solution is hydrolised at pH 4-6.5 for 16 hours at room temperature with continuous stirring at a speed of 300-800 rpm. The coating composition when applied on a galvanized and galvannealed steel substrate provides more than 200 hours of white rust resistance at a coating thickness of less than 5 micron and can dry within 10-30 sec at 80-90 deg C peak metal temperature.
本发明提供一种用于在皮肤组织(102)中的目标位置(110)产生多光子电离过程的非侵入性皮肤处理设备(200)。所述皮肤处理设备(200)包括被配置和构造用于产生激光束(106)的激光源(105),将所述激光束聚焦到皮肤表面(103)下方的目标位置的光学系统(109、112),以及等离子体单元(117),其被配置和构造用于产生等离子体(100)使得,在使用中,等离子体的至少一部分穿透所述皮肤组织,用于在目标位置生成至少一个自由电子。皮肤处理设备还包括控制单元(123),其被配置和构造成用于控制所述激光源和所述等离子体单元使得,在使用中,激光束的光的至少一部分被在所述目标位置产生的所述至少一个自由电子吸收,由此产生多光子电离过程。在产生多光子电离过程中利用等离子体的结果是,产生多光子电离过程所需的整体激光束强度,与仅使用激光束产生多光 |
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