Dispersion compensation device and method for high-accuracy optical fiber timing system

The invention discloses a dispersion compensation device and method for a high-accuracy optical fiber timing system. The method comprises a step of measuring a sum deltaT1 of forward and backward transmission delays of two different wavelengths between a timing master station and a timing slave station receiving end. The step comprises the following sub-steps that: a pulse signal output by a cesium atomic clock is modulated into a radio frequency signal through a first encoding modulator on the timing master station; a first wavelength division multiplexer converts the radio frequency signal into an optical signal of which the wavelength is lambda1, and couples the optical signal into an optical fiber; after reception of the optical signal of which the wavelength is lambda1, a second photoelectric converter transmits the radio frequency signal to a second laser and a second demodulation decoder respectively; after reception of the radio frequency signal, the second laser converts the radio frequency signal into an optical signal of which the wavelength is lambda2; and lastly, a returned pulse signal and the pulse signal output by the cesium atomic clock are transmitted to a delay measurement module simultaneously in order to perform delay measurement, wherein a measurement result is the sum of the forward and backward transmission delays between the timing master station and the timing slave station receiving end. Through adoption of the device and method, all-optical network synchronization can be realized, and the timing accuracy is increased.