Differential test signal monitoring module and monitoring method used for missile automatic test

The invention provides a differential test signal monitoring module and monitoring method used for a missile automatic test, relates to the field of test and signal monitoring, and aims at solving the problem of limitation to rapid positioning of faults caused by the fact that existing automatic test systems for the missile test lack a mode of effectively recording test equipment and especially recording the whole course of the test and tested signals. A voltage conditioning circuit is used for acquiring 16 paths of voltage differential input signals on a monitored path between tested equipment and a test system for conditioning and filtering and outputting 16-channel voltage analog signals; an A/D acquisition unit is used for continuously acquiring the 16-channel voltage analog signals in a synchronous parallel way and outputting 16-channel voltage digital signals after performing analog/digital conversion; and an FPGA is used for receiving the 16-channel voltage digital signals for data recombination, transmitting the recombined voltage signals and transmitting synchronous storage control signals and power-down storage control signals and is also used for communicating with an upper computer. The differential test signal monitoring module and monitoring method are used for missile monitoring.