Serial port based management system and management method

The invention provides a serial port based management system and management method. The management system comprises a main control card, a back plate and a plurality of service cards, wherein the back plate is communicated and connected with the main control card through a serial port bus; the service cards are communicated and connected with the back plate through a serial port bus and are communicated with the main control card through a serial port bus; and the plurality of service cards are communicated with the main control card according to a set protocol. The instruction communication between the main control card and the service cards is realized; only two serial port bytes are needed for completing one instruction; the efficiency is high; the set protocol is simple and compact; the service cards can be realized by a state machine of a programmable logic module; and the reliability is high.