Adaptive optical correcting device and method based on sodium layer structured beacon

The invention discloses an adaptive optical correcting device and method based on a sodium layer structured beacon, belonging to the adaptive optical technology research field, and is used for detecting and correcting wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence. The adaptive optical correcting device comprises a structured sodium laser beam array generating device, a ground telescope system, a wavefront distortion extraction device, and a wavefront distortion correcting device. The correcting device and method do not exist focusing anisoplanatism effects, do not require a separate aperture mode with a hartmann sensor as a representative to detect a wavefront, receive backward diffusion photons in a full aperture mode, thereby have low requirements for backward diffusion photon density, and are especially suitable for a large field of view. The invention provides a brand new wavefront distortion extraction method for the large aperture foundation telescope adaptive optical technology.