Electromagnetic control winch brake apparatus and method

The invention discloses an electromagnetic control winch brake apparatus and an electromagnetic control winch brake method. The brake apparatus comprises a brake axle, a clamp spring for an axle, a hollow cylinder electromagnet, coils, electric brushes, a torsional spring, a press plate, a brake taper sleeve and a cone brake disc, wherein the outer edge of the brake taper sleeve is provided with a spline which is meshed with an inner teeth ring of a winch winding drum. When the electromagnetic control winch brake apparatus works, the hollow cylinder electromagnet is electrified, so that the hollow cylinder electromagnet attracts the press plate, and the press plate extrudes the torsional spring to move leftwards; the press plate does not extrude the brake taper sleeve, and the brake taper sleeve is separated from the cone brake disc; the brake axle rotates to drive a reducer of a winch to work, the reducer drives the winch roller to rotate, and the roller drives the brake taper sleeve to operate in a low speed; when the electromagnetic control winch brake apparatus stops working, the hollow cylinder electromagnet is subjected to outage, the press plate rightwards moves under the resetting effect of the torsional spring, and extrudes the brake taper sleeve which operates in the low speed to clamp the cone brake disc, and the brake axle stops rotating, so that the winch brake is realized. The electromagnetic control winch brake apparatus has the advantages that the structure is simple; the brake effect is good; the control is easy; the service life is long; and the safety is high.