Monitoring and early warning method and apparatus for delayed settlement caused by shield construction in large boulder stratum

A monitoring and early warning method for delayed settlement caused by shield construction in large boulder stratum is characterized by detecting the stress in the stratum, processing the detected stress state information to obtain a stress field, then comparing the stress field with stress fields in various soil states under normal circumstances, judging whether the stress field of soil satisfies an early warning condition at the moment, and displaying early warning information and geographical coordinate information of the detected stratum to the outside world if the stress field of soil satisfies the early warning condition. A monitoring and early warning apparatus for realizing the above method comprises an automatic monitoring stress rod used for being vertically placed to the underground position, the top of the automatic monitoring stress rod is connected with an information processing module arranged at a shallow layer of the earth surface through a data transmission cable, so that the automatic monitoring stress rod can transmit received stress state information to the information processing module, the information processing module is connected with an early warning module through connecting equipment, and the early warning module is connected with a displaying module for displaying monitoring and early warning information. The monitoring and early warning method and the monitoring and early warning apparatus of the present invention achieve all-weather, unattended and dynamic monitoring and early warning for risks such as stratum collapse triggered by delayed settlement caused by shield construction in large boulder stratum.