Underwater target three-dimensional positioning method realized based on distributed arrays

The invention relates to a underwater target three-dimensional positioning method realized based on distributed arrays. The distributed arrays comprise a plurality of nodes. Each node is a linear array which comprises a plurality of array elements. The nodes are arranged at different positions in water. The underwater target three-dimensional positioning method comprises the steps of performing matching field positioning on a same target by each node in the distributed arrays, thereby independently performing depth elimination and distance elimination on a same target; and performing cooperative positioning on an estimated result which is obtained through performing matching field positioning on the same target by each node at same time, thereby realizing three-dimensional positioning on a underwater target. The cooperative positioning comprises correcting a horizontal direction positioning result according to a linear least square algorithm, and performing estimation in a manner that an average value of the target positioning depth of each node is used as a target depth. The underwater target three-dimensional positioning method has an advantage of high positioning precision.