Defect and stress non-destructive testing system and non-destructive testing method based on pulsed eddy current and Barkhausen

The present invention provides a defect and stress non-destructive testing system and non-destructive testing method based on pulsed eddy current and Barkhausen, and belongs to the field of non-destructive testing. According to the present invention, the system comprises an excitation signal generator, a digital-to-analog converter, a power amplifier, an excitation coil, a Hall sensor, a signal amplification circuit, a data acquisition card and a computer; on the basis of eddy current testing, based on the ferromagnetic material, the mixed wave of the rectangular wave and the triangular wave is adopted as the excitation signal, the rectangular wave band at the first half section in the mixed signal produces the pulsed eddy current phenomenon, the triangular wave band at the later half section in the mixed wave produces the barkhausen effect, the sectional treatment is performed on the signal by using a signal time domain average method to achieve the separation of the eddy current signal and the Barkhausen noise signal, and the signal is respectively subjected to feature extraction and data processing so as to concurrently achieve online detection of the surface defect, the stress and the microstructure state of the ferromagnetic material and achieve the discrimination of the ferromagnetic material recessive defect, the prediction of the defect being not yet formed, and the prediction of the service life; and the method has characteristics of long-term and reliable work, high sensitivity, simpleness, intuitive display, high efficiency, feasibility, and the like.