Basement expansion joint structure and basement to which structure is applied

The invention discloses a basement expansion joint structure and a basement to which the structure is applied. The joint structure comprises an expansion joint and multiple speed locks; each speed lock is distributed on one horizontal plane in a direction orthogonal to the expansion joint; the locking speed of each speed lock is close to a relative movement speed safety threshold between top plates at two sides of the expansion joint; when the relative movement speed between the top plates at two sides of the expansion joint is smaller than the locking speed, a damping force generated by each speed lock is far smaller than the structural force of the expansion joint; when the relative movement speed between the top plates at two sides of the expansion joint is larger than the locking speed, each speed lock can generate an enough large damping force respectively, and thus the top plates at two sides of the expansion joint are rigidly connected via each speed lock. Structure reliability of the basement and the bottom building can be effectively improved, and the expansion joint can be protected from being damaged under effects of horizontal earthquake load and/or wind load.