Ethanol catalyst prepared from synthesis gas and dimethyl ether with one-step method as well as preparation method of ethanol catalyst

The invention relates to a novel efficient ethanol catalyst prepared from synthesis gas and dimethyl ether with a one-step method as well as a preparation method of the ethanol catalyst. The main components of the catalyst comprise an efficient Cu-based hydrogenation catalyst and a core-shell catalyst which adopts an octatomic ring structure and all kinds of molecular sieves, and VIII, IB and IIB transition metal chlorides and nitrate in the periodic table of elements are used as promoters to be introduced into the Cu-based core catalyst. The molecular sieve shell catalyst adopts a porous structure after micro-mesoporous treatment, the reaction fluid diffusion and heat diffusion velocity is increased, carbon deposition is prevented, and the catalyst activity is improved. A reaction raw material, namely, dimethyl ether, firstly has a carbonylation reaction on the molecular sieve shell catalyst to produce methyl acetate, the methyl acetate and hydrogen are quickly diffused to the Cu-based core catalyst via micro-mesoporous passages to produce ethanol, the ethanol is quickly diffused, and the ethanol is prepared from synthesis gas and dimethyl ether with the one-step method. The ethanol selectivity is high, the catalyst cost is high, and the industrial application prospect is bright.