Quaternization lignin-base dispersing agent and preparation process and application thereof

The invention discloses a quaternization lignin-base dispersing agent and a preparation process and application thereof. The preparation process comprises the following steps: reacting benzoic acid, phenol and an aldehyde compound for 0.5-3h at the temperature of 60-110 DEG C, wherein the mass fraction of the aldehyde compound is 1.0-9.0 percent; adding black pulping liquor of which the solid content is 18.3-60 percent, raising the temperature to 20-80 DEG C, adding a sulfonic amino compound of which the mass fraction is 1.3-8.0 percent, adjusting the pH value to 10.0-13.5, and adding a sulfonating agent of which the mass fraction is 2.5-11.0 percent; enabling reaction for 2-5h at the temperature of 95-180 DEG C, and then adding a quaternization reagent of which the mass fraction is 4.0-10.0 percent, enabling reaction for 2-4h at the temperature of 70-100 DEG C, performing cooling and discharging to obtain brown liquid, and performing spray drying to obtain a solid powder product. The quaternization lignin-base dispersing agent has multiple functions of dispersing, complexing, chelating and the like, and can be applied to multiple fields of dye dispersing agents, concrete water reducing agents, ceramic additives and the like.