Method for preparing polymer nanoparticles by taking inactivated rabies virus vaccine as template

The invention relates to a method for preparing polymer nanoparticles by taking an inactivated rabies virus vaccine as a template. The inactivated rabies virus vaccine is taken as a biological template, and the polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide nanoparticles are prepared. The preparation method comprises the following steps: coating silica gel on the surface of virion by virtue of a sol-gel reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and decomposing the template at high temperature, and forming a silica matrix; immersing a polymer monomer solution into a silicon matrix, and polymerizing and curing in a limited micro space; and decomposing the silica matrix, thereby obtaining the polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide nanoparticles. The product can serve as a carrier of drug delivery and supported catalyst, and the process method can be used for simulating the morphology of microbial biomass so as to synthesize the nanoparticles. The obtained product is not limited to the symmetrical and regular geometrical shape and can be used for imitating the uniform size and complex morphology of the microbial biomass.