Variable tension adjustment and control device capable of being used for precision winding of optical fiber

The invention discloses a variable tension adjustment and control device capable of being used for precision winding of an optical fiber. The device comprises a releasing mechanism, a dance wheel adjusting mechanism, a tension detection mechanism and a panel, wherein a printed winding motor is used as a releasing motor of the variable tension adjustment and control device; a micro ball screw transmission pair is driven through a step motor to accurately change a rider position in the length direction of a swing rod; the position of the swing rod is detected by using an angle sensor, so that the swing rod is kept at a horizontal position in a moment balance state; the optical fiber tension after layer replacement winding achieves a new stable value requirement by changing the rider position, and precision detection and control of the horizontal balance position of the swing rod; thus variable tension adjustment and control during layer replacement winding of the optical fiber winding are realized, the inner and outer layer stress and strain differences caused by increase in number of layers of the optical fiber winding can be eliminated, and finally stress winding of inner and outer layers of the optical fiber winding and the like is realized so as to obviously improve the signal transmission performance and stability of the optical fiber winding.