Electronic protein fractionation

Aspects of the invention are described throughout this document. In some embodiments, an apparatus is provided. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: a chamber divided into a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber by a dividing membrane, wherein the dividing membrane blocks or substantially blocks flow of fluid between the first and second sub-chamber; and wherein the first sub-chamber is in electrical communication with a first electrode; the second sub-chamber is in electrical communication with a second electrode; the first sub-chamber is in fluid communication with a first ion injector/extractor; the second sub-chamber is in fluid communication with a second ion injector/extractor; and and the second sub-chamber comprises an outlet.