X-ray tube

Provided is an x-ray tube that can carry out stabilized x-ray irradiation with desired conditions within an irradiation range extended in a prescribed direction. The x-ray tube is provided with: a 426 alloy substrate (4) in which an opening part (6) is formed; a titanium foil x-ray transmission window (5) provided so as to block the opening part (6) of the substrate (4); a flat box type container part (3) attached to the substrate (4) with the interior thereof being in a vacuum state; and x-ray target (7) provided in the opening part (6) inside the container part (3); and an electron source that makes electrons incident to the x-ray target (7) within the container part (3). In addition, the electron source is provided with: a linear cathode (9); a first control electrode (10) that extracts electrons from the cathode (9); and a second control electrode (11) that regulates the irradiation range of the electrons that are extracted. At this time, the x-rays exiting the x-ray transmission window (5) create a form