Broken rope protecting device and rescue capsule

The invention discloses a broken rope protecting device and a rescue capsule. The broken rope protecting device comprises a frame, a hanger rod, an elastic component, a reversing valve, and a brake cylinder, wherein the brake cylinder is arranged on the frame; the reversing valve controls the telescopic state of a piston rod of the brake cylinder; a travel channel is also formed in the frame; the first end of the hanger rod is used for connecting a lifting rope; the second end of the hanger rod is movably arranged inside the travel channel; the elastic component provides an acting force to the hanger rod so that the hanger rod moves towards the internal direction of the travel channel; the acting force towards the external direction of the travel channel acts on the hanger rod when the lifting rope normally works; the reversing valve is in the first state; the piston rod is in a retraction state; and the hanger rod moves towards the internal direction of the travel channel and triggers the reversing valve to