Fluorescence quenching-based genetic variation detection method and probe

The invention discloses a fluorescence quenching-based genetic variation detection method, which comprises the following main steps of: 1) extracting DNA from a sample; 2) amplifying a gene segment to be detected; 3) performing extension reaction with a probe carrying fluorescence quenching molecules and dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate carrying fluorescence molecules; 4) detecting fluorescencechange and calculating a fluorescence quenching value; and 5) judging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of a gene to be detected according to a calculation result of the step 4). The invention also discloses an oligonucleotide probe for the method. In the method, the probe marked with the fluorescence quenching molecules and the dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate marked with the fluorescence molecules are used for single base extension on a specific locus of the gene to be detected, and the base type extending at the tail of the probe is determined by detecting the fluorescence quenching value, so the specificity,