Phased azimuth filtering method for three-dimensional stratum imaging

The invention discloses a phased azimuth filtering method for three-dimensional stratum imaging. For a plurality of coherent single snapshot signals from an identical distance and different angles, optimal source signal waveform estimates on each scanning azimuth of a space are obtained by adopting a maximum posterior probability criterion, and the azimuth of a target is judged according to the energy of the signals on each azimuth. The method has the advantages that: 1, a covariance matrix is not required for direct or indirect decomposition processing, the limitations of a snapshot number are avoided, and active single snapshot data can be processed; 2, a coherent source can be estimated and distinguished by adopting the maximum posterior probability criterion, decorrelation processing is not required to be performed on a highly-coherent signal source in a water body or a stratum, and coherent interference resistance is high; and 3, the signals returned from the identical distance can be divided into the su