Preparation method and applications of rare earth element-doped zinc oxide one-dimensional nanomaterial

The invention discloses a preparation method of a rare earth element-doped zinc oxide one-dimensional nanomaterial. The method comprises the steps of: mixing, grinding, pressing and sintering zinc oxide and oxide of the rare earth element to obtain a zinc-oxide ceramic target; placing the zinc-oxide ceramic target on a molybdenum rod in a T-shaped quartz tube, placing a substrate below the zinc-oxide ceramic target laterally, and rotating the molybdenum rod; vacuumizing the T-shaped quartz tube and feeding carrier gas into the T-shaped quartz tube so that air pressure reaches 400 to 3000Pa, and heating the T-shaped quartz tube to 650 to 750 DEG C; introducing and focusing a laser beam onto the rare earth element-doped zinc-oxide ceramic target, regulating the pulse frequency of the laser beam, ablating and sputtering the rare earth element-doped zinc-oxide ceramic target and depositing the sputtering products on the substrate; and cooling to room temperature upon the ending of the sputtering to form the rare