Method for optical super resolution based on optical path encoding and coherent synthesis

The invention discloses a method and a system for optical super resolution based on optical path encoding and coherent synthesis. An optical path encoding beam splitter is inserted between a collimation lens and a focusing lens of a sample arm of an optical coherent tomography (OCT) system to form various effective response functions corresponding to different optical path delays. Based on the inherent optical path resolving power of an OCT technique, a plurality of images of a same sample corresponding to different effective response functions are obtained respectively. Based on the coherentsynthesis of various effective response functions, optical super resolution images are reestablished from information on a plurality of independent images. By changing relative coefficients during coherent synthesis, the relative contributions of various effective response functions can be controlled digitally to realize super resolutions with different degrees. The method and the system introduce optical path parameters