processos para obtenção de um poliol a partir de óleo de palma, polióis obtidos a partir dos referidos processos, produtos derivados do referido poliol e método para preparar o mesmo

The present invention relates to the process for production of a polyol from palm oil and of rigid polyurethane foams prepared from said polyol derived from palm oil. On the one hand, this invention provides a method for obtaining monomeric polyols from palm oil that have hydroxyl number between 50 450 mgKOH/g sample. The polyols of the present application may be obtained by means of a procedure based on the following four mother routes: Route 1: maleinisation of the fatty acids of palm oil; Route 2: glycerolysis of palm oil; Route 3: trancesterification of palm oil; and Route 4: epoxidation of unsaturated carbon-carbon links of palm oil. Additionally, other modalities of the invention permit obtaining polyols from the combination of these mother routes. In other realizations of the invention polyurethanes are prepared from polyols obtained through any of the four routes or by combinations of the same. In a mode of the invention the polyurethanes are produced through the reaction of a mixture of a polyol obtained through the present invention, a commercial polyol, a surfactant, a catalyst and an isocyanate. The polyurethanes may be foams of rigid high density polyurethane.