Charging and discharging method for high-capacity retention rate lithium ion battery

The present invention relates to a charging and discharging method for a high-capacity retention rate lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: (1) when the number of turns is n, only performing charging between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery, and performing control current discharging between a third electrode and a fourth electrode after charging is completed, wherein a control current is 0.05-10 A; (2) standing for 1 h, connecting the fourth electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery in parallel, and then performing discharging between the fourth electrode and the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery; (3) for the n+1th turn and subsequent turns, using charging and discharging between the positive and negative electrodes of an ordinary lithium ion battery; (4) repeatedly performing steps from (1) to (4) until the next condition number of turns; and (5) ending the process after the number of cycles reaches the specified number of turns, wherein n is the condition number of turns and is selected from the next turn when the discharge capacity is attenuated every 0.2-1%. The charging and discharging method can release active lithium according to the self-demand of each battery core or battery pack, so as to facilitate improving a capacity retention rate.