Medical prognosis and prediction of treatment response using multiple cellular signaling pathway activities

The present application mainly relates to specific method for determining a risk score that indicates a risk that a subject will experience a clinical event within a defined period of time. The risk score is determined based on a combination of inferred activities of two or more cellular signaling pathways in a subject, wherein the cellular signaling pathways comprise a TGF-β pathway and one or more of a PI3K pathway, a Wnt pathway, an ER pathway, and an HH pathway. The present application also relates to an apparatus, to a non-transitory storage medium, and to a computer program for determining a risk score that indicates a risk that a subject will experience a clinical event within a defined period of time. The present invention also relates to a kit for measuring expression levels of three or more target genes of each of two or more cellular signaling pathways in a sample of a subject, to kits for determining a risk score that indicates a risk that a subject will experience a clinical event associated with a disease within a defined period of time, and to uses of the kits in performing the method.