Layer for thin film photovoltaics and a solar cell made therefrom

A photovoltaic device 100 is provided comprising an absorber layer 416, wherein the absorber layer comprises a plurality of grains separated by grain boundaries. At least one layer is disposed over the absorber layer. The absorber layer 416 comprises grain boundaries that are substantially perpendicular to the at least one layer disposed over the absorber layer. The plurality of grains 412 has a median grain diameter of less than 1 micrometer. Further, the grains are either p-type or n-type. The grain boundaries comprise an active dopant. The active dopant concentration in the grain boundaries is higher than the effective dopant concentration in the grains. The grains 412 and grain boundaries may be of the same type or opposite type. Further, when the grain boundaries are n-type the bottom of the grain boundaries may be p-type. A method of making the absorber layer 416 is also disclosed.