Method for coating surfaces with particles and use of the coatings produced by this method

The invention relates a method for the electroless coating of surfaces of articles or/and particles with a multiplicity of inorganic or/and organic water-insoluble particles to form a substantially flush-resistant layer of high particle density, in which the particles are applied to the surfaces to be coated in an aqueous composition that can be stabilized or is stable, in the form of a dispersion, and are applied to the surfaces to be coated substantially or predominantly by electrostatic forces and are applied to and secured on the surfaces to be coated substantially or predominantly by electrostatic forces, in which the surfaces to be coated are first activated by an activating agent, wherein an activation layer with charges is formed by the activating agent on the surfaces to be coated, these charges being of a charge that is opposite to the charges of the particles of the composition that are subsequently to be applied, or/and are oppositely charged, in which the particles applied in a coating step with a particle-containing composition are of a charge that is opposite to the charges of the activation layer, or/and are oppositely charged, wherein, in a or in each coating step with a particle-containing composition, a layer of an average thickness of approximately one or more average particle sizes of the particles applied is formed in each case on the surfaces to be coated and, optionally, the or each particle layer is subsequently formed into a film or crosslinked, whereby a layer thickness of the or each particle layer of the particles not formed into a film and/or of the coating(s) formed into a film or crosslinked that are produced therefrom that is in each case in the range from 5µm to 50µm is achieved.