Method for labelling a product using a plurality of polynucleotides, method for identifying the labelling and labelled product

A method for labeling a product includes a step of adding on or in the product a plurality of single-stranded polynucleotides, which plurality of polynucleotides includes at least one target polynucleotide constituted of a single-stranded polynucleotide of predetermined length and sequence, and decoy polynucleotides which have identical or different predetermined lengths and identical or different predetermined sequence, which decoy polynucleotides have a length or lengths identical to or different from and sequences different from the sequence of the at least one target polynucleotide, wherein each of the target and decoy polynucleotides does not hybridize with any of the other polynucleotides of the plurality of polynucleotides and wherein the polynucleotides of the plurality of polynucleotides are deoxyribonucleic or ribonucleic acid sequences, respectively having the same proportion of the four, natural or modified, bases A, C, G, and T, or A, C, G and U.