Evaluation of the ground water in Baghdad Governorate-Iraq
The coverage area of Baghdad Governorate area is considered as a part of the Mesopotamia plain, which belongs to the unstable shelf. This area is totally covered by quaternary sediments. The sediments are composed mainly by cyclic alteration of clay, silt, sand and very fine gravels. Quaternary sedi...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Iraqi journal of science 2015, Vol.56 (2C), p.1708-1718 |
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Sprache: | ara ; eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The coverage area of Baghdad Governorate area is considered as a part of the
Mesopotamia plain, which belongs to the unstable shelf. This area is totally covered
by quaternary sediments. The sediments are composed mainly by cyclic alteration of
clay, silt, sand and very fine gravels. Quaternary sediments represent the main
aquifer for all parts of Baghdad governorate.
Arc GIS 9.3 and GMS 6.5 programs were used in drawing high accurate
estimating maps, to define salinity, type of the ground waters, the general direction
of their movement, the distribution values of transmissivity of upper aquifer, with
distribution and the amount of draw down for these wells, also drawing map for the
ground waters depth zones.
It can be concluded that the salinity of the ground water in Baghdad Governorate
ranges between (fresh water-Brine water) in general, with the predominance of
chloridic water type and the presence of sulphatic water type in other places. The
direction of the ground water movement is mainly from the west towards the east
and north and southeast, with the presence of local movements other directions. The
transmissivity coefficient ranges between (50-350) m2 / day in general, but these
values decrease toward the east, especially east of the Tigris River as indicated by
the level of draw down in the wells, which ranges between (2-10) m. The results
reflect that the ground water depth in Baghdad Governorate ranges between (2-50)
m depending on the distance from the river and irrigation channels, which are
considered as sources of water recharge to the ground water.
تغطى مدينة بغداد و التي تعتبر جزء من السهل الرسوبي والتي تقع ضمن الرصيف غير المستقر برواسب العصر الرباعي، و هذه الرواسب تتكون من التغيرات الدورية بين الطين و الطمى و الرمل و الحصى الدقيق جدا. تعتبر رواسب العصر الرباعي الخزان الجوفي الرئيسي في مدينة بغداد. استخدمت برامج (Arc GIS 9.3) و (GMS 6.5) في رسم الخرائط عالية الدقة لتحديد الملوحة و نوع المياه الجوفية و الاتجاه العام لحركتها وقيم الناقلية للخزان الجوفي العلوي مع توزيع و كمية الانخفاض التي تحدث في تلك الآبار. كذلك تم رسم خريطة لعمق المياه الجوفية. تبين من خلال الدراسة إن ملوحة المياه الجوفية في مدينة بغداد بصورة عامة تتراوح بين (الماء العذب- الماء المالح) و المياه الغالبة هي من نوع (Chloride) مع وجود المياه من نوع (Sulphate) في بعض المناطق .حركـــة المياه الجوفيـــة بصورة عامـــة تكـــون مـــن الغرب باتجاه الشرق و الشمال و الجنوب الشــــرقــي. 50-350 m و هذه القيم تنخفض باتجاه الشرق و خاصة 2 معامـل الناقليـة بصــورة عامـــة يتراوح بـيــن (da |
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ISSN: | 0067-2904 2312-1637 |