استنباط صنف جديد من القمح الطري فارس 1 ذو طاقة إنتاجية عالية و مقاومة لمرضي الصدأ الأصفر و صدأ الورقة

This investigation presents a breeding program for developing new bread wheat cultivars with high yield potential and resistance to yellow and brown rust diseases. In this study the performance of 788 spring bread wheat genotypes introduced from CIMMYT international wheat nurseries in comparison with the local commercial wheat cultivars were evaluated, including resistance to yellow rust, brown rust, stem rust (Ug99) and common bunt diseases. Furthermore, agronomic traits, physical and chemical characteristics of these genotypes were evaluated at different ecological zones in Twaitha and Jahderia (Baghdad), Latifia (Babelon), Bakrajo (Sulaimania), Telafar (Nineveh), Nojoru Experimental Station in Kenya and some farmer fields in Latifia and Zamberania (Rasheed) from 1997 to 2011. Screening germplasm under artificial inoculation conditions at adult plant stage against yellow and brown rust diseases for three successive generations resulted in the identification of 251 resistant and moderately resistant lines, with 225 lines were found superior in yield. The selected lines were introduced in comprehensive evaluation tests for disease response and yield component trials. Out of 11 resistant genotypes, the new promising line "107" was selected. This genotype surpassed the local cultivar Tamuz 2 in yellow and brown rust disease resistance, productivity and some of other useful agronomic traits at different locations. The new cv. Farris1 has high genetic purity and was morphologically distinguishable from all of the registered and released cultivars. Yield potential of “Farris1” was 14-31% higher than “Tamuz 2”, “Tahadi” and “Maxipak”. The new genotype was registred and released by the National Committee of Registration and Release of Agricultural Cultivars, Ministry of Agriculture according to order no.26 in 08/10/2012, as a new cultivar with high yield potential and resistance to yellow and brown rust diseases in irrigated regions of Iraq. شمل هذا البحث تقويم أداء 788 تركيبا وراثيا من القمح اللين / الطري مدخلة من المركز الدولي لتحسين القمح و الذرة الصفراء في المكسيك (CIMMYT) مع بعض الأصناف المحلية، و اختبار مقاومتها لأمراض الصدأ الأصفر و صدأ الورقة و صدأ الساق و مرض التفحم المغطى بالإضافة إلى تقويم صفاتها الزراعية و الفيزيائية و الكيميائية عبر سلسلة من الاختبارات في ظروف بيئية مختلفة من العراق في كل من محطات بحوث التويثة و الجادرية (بغداد)، اللطيفيه (بابل)، بكرة جوا (السليمانية)، تلعفر (نينوى) و محطة بحوث نوجورو في كينيا بالإضافة إلى حقول المزارعين في اللطيفية